[Study of the anti bacterial effect of the pericarps of many varieties of punica granatum on E.coli biotype [1] which reveal resistance toward many antibiotics]

The Search for new antibiotics is the problem of resistance's bacteria to antibiotics. This research aims to investigate the effectiveness of anti-bacteria shown by the extracts prepared from per carps of different types of Punica granatum [L] [from the family Punicaceae], which grow in Syria against Escherichia coli [E.coli] biotype [1], which were resistant to studied antibiotics. Investigation began for E.coli in 843 milk samples, using blood agar, MacConkey agar, salmonella - shigella agar, and biochemical testing method [API 20 E = identification system for Enterobacteriaceae]. Then per carps of different types of Punica granatum were extracted by water, absolute alcohol, and eter using soxhlet device and rotary vacuum evaporator. Antibiotic susceptibility testing for E.coli by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method were conducted .then extracts susceptibility testing for E.coli were studied. Escherichia coli Type [1] was 33.35% of the total number of samples. This study also has shown the presence of antibacterial effectiveness of the extracts prepared from per carps of different types of Punica granatum against E.coli biotype [1], whereas the studied antibiotics have shown any antibacterial effectiveness. From the above we recommend to study the impact of Punica granatum all types of other microbial, which have resistant to antibiotics, also we recommend to study the active ingredients which have the antibiotic effect ,and determine their concentrations to be able to find suitable alternatives and effective in the treatment of infectious diseases

Possible health effects of liquefied petroleum gas on workers at filling and distribution stations of Gaza governorates

Liquefied petroleum gas [LPG] is widely used in the Gaza Strip for domestic purposes, in agriculture and industry and, illegally, in cars. This study aimed to identify possible health effects on workers exposed to LPG in Gaza governorates. Data were collected by a questionnaire interview, and haematological and biochemical analyses of venous blood samples were made from 30 workers at filling and distribution stations and 30 apparently healthy controls. Statistically significant differences were found in all self-reported healthrelated complaints among LPG workers versus controls. LPG workers had significantly higher values of red blood cell counts, haemoglobin, haematocrit mean corpuscular haemoglobin and platelet counts. They also had significantly higher values of kidney function tests [urea, creatinine and uric acid] and liver function enzyme activities [aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase]. LPG workers at Gaza Strip petroleum stations are at higher risk for health-related symptoms and clinical abnormalities

Prevalence of bacterial contamination in general operating theaters in selected hospitals in the Gaza Strip, Palestine

This study was conducted in general operating theaters at public and private hospitals in the Gaza Strip, Palestine to determine the prevalence of bacterial contamination of different objects. Swabs were collected from 21 items that were distributed over three categories [equipment, environment and personnel]. In total, 243 swabs were collected at pre- and post-operation stages and were cultured and identified using standard microbiological procedures. The results show that 24.7% of the swabs were contaminated with microorganisms. The equipment, environment and personnel were responsible for 45%, 48.3% and 6.7% of contamination, respectively. The rate [26.9%] of contamination in the post-operation samples was higher than in the pre-operation samples [22.6%], but the difference was not statistically significant. In addition, there was not a statistically significant increase in the prevalence of contamination in private [28.7%] compared to public hospitals [21.8%]. Of the seven bacterial genera that were recovered, the highest percentage belonged to Staphylococcus spp. [45.3%] followed by Enterobacter spp. [23.4%].This study reveals a moderate percentage of contamination in our public and private hospital general operating theaters, which may increase the risk factors for developing surgical-site infections. These observations justify more attention being paid to infection-control efforts in our hospitals. 2011 King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

[Evaluation of biochemical effects of a pharmaceutical formulation [cream] based essential oils extracted from Marrubium vulgaris cons. against osteoarticular disorders, rheumatoid arthritis and musculoskeletal disorders [MSDs]]

In many cases medical therapy [prescription anti-inflammatory drugs and corticosteroids] does not provide solutions to serious suffering of patients caused by the various joint diseases, or it has side effects exacerbating the situation. It is granted that medicinal plants are able to treat simple illnesses such as cold, or to avert more important as the ulcer. In this work, we study the effect of therapy on the natural articular deficits. We develop an approach that uses medicinal creams [dosage formulation] enriched concentration plant extracts [essential oils]. The concentrated active ingredients have been applied at the joint through the skin. In this study we are interested in a plant called Marrubium bulgaris. We studied the biochemical effects of essential oils in subjects with osteoarticular disorders: Rheumatoid arthritis [65 +/- 5 years, n10], TMS: musicians [35 +/- 6 years, n=10], as an cream of olive oil 3 xj and for 3 weeks with a placebo group that receives a cream without active ingredients. Our results indicate the corrective effects of the essential oils of bone resorption and cartilage. The application of these treatments was inversely associated with risk of osteoarticular, subjects applying these creams have marked the values of pyridinoline in its various forms, and alkaline phosphatase, CRP less important than before the treatment compared to placebo group [0.60 <4<0.90 p<0.05]. Through the power of the tested active ingredients that contain essential oils of this plant, we found that our treatments are effective where other drugs and surgery have failed

[ influence of molecular weight of polycaprolactone on some properties of protein-loaded microparticles prepared by W/O/W multiple emulsion-solvent evaporation / extraction method]

Investigation of the influence of molecular weight of polycaprolactone on: Particle size and particle size distribution of microparticles prepared by W/O/W multiple .emulsions solvent evaporation/extraction method, Stability of protein loaded in these microparticles, morphology and surface state of microparticles, encapsulation efficiency and Percentage of burst release. A W/O/W multiple emulsions solvent evaporation/extraction method was modified to prepare protein-loaded microparticles. Methemoglobin was used as a model protein. Low and high molecular weights of polycaprolactone-the hyrophob, biodegradable and biocompatible polymer-were used to encapsulate the protein. Dichiorometane-a solvent that is immiscible with water-was used as a polymer solvent. Polyvinyl alcohol was used as a stabilizer in the outer aqueous phase. High encapsulation efficiency values, low burst release, preservation of protein native conformation and multilayered microcapsules were obtained, either by using polycaprolactone [PCL] 14.000 alone or by using PCL 14.0000 with PCL 65.000. PCL 14.000 was not solved with PCL 65.000 in the same solution. Organic phases were divided into solutions with different concentrations and/or different molecular weights. Concentrations of organic phase solutions were above polycaprolactone cloud point and low temperatures were used to prepare primary and secondary emulsions. Non porous microcapsules were obtained when low molecular weight of polymer was used alone, while closed pores were noticed on the surface of microcapsules prepared by using high and low molecular weights together. The layers of low molecular weight of polycaprolactone covered the pores of high molecular weight layers. Low burst release values were attributed to non porous microstructures of microcapsules as well as to reduction of protein quantities on the surface of microcapsules. Fabrication of microcapsules by using high and low molecular weights of polycaprolactone together instead of using low molecular weight alone resulted in burst release reduction from 12.8% to 9.6% and reduction of encapsulation efficiency values from 97.4% to 88.17%. Protein native conformation was preserved in both cases. A novel method was developed to fabricate multilayered and non porous microcapsules-either by using low molecular weight of polycaprolactone alone or by using low and high molecular weights of polycaprolactone together-by modifying W/O/W multiple emulsions solvent evaporation/extraction method. Method modifications and formuJation factors were behind preservation of protein tertiary structure and obtaining high encapsulation efficiency values which reached 97.4%. The low burst effect was reduced from 12.8% to 9.6% by using high and low molecular weights of polycaprolactone together instead of using low molecular weight alone. Solving the problem of porous structure of microcapsules-accompanied with the addition of high molecular weight of polycaprolactone to low molecular weight-may play a significant role in reducing burst release due to the longer period required for the degradation of higher molecular weight of polymer

[Comparison of the toxic effects related to experimental induction of diabetes by Alloxam and Strepytozotocin in rats]

Both Alloxan and Streptozotocin [STZ] are selective substances used to induce experimental diabetes, because they have an important property to damage beta-cells that secrete insulin in Pancreas. But their use has some problems; they have toxic effects on important body organs and also cause some necrosis in tissue. The aim of this study was to clarify the best way of administration, so we examine the acute way which includes giving a single high dose of both the previous materials. Indeed, we also examine a gradual way that includes giving the substances in repeated low doses with intervals last for several days. We measured the changes of weight, the elevation in blood sugar and the mortality for both previous ways. Indeed, a histological study was performed for important body's organ following the administration of the mentioned materials in the gradual way. The findings indicated clearly that the gradual way for both Alloxan and STZ was more safe and effective than acute administration. STZ was best from Alloxan especially in the gradual way concerning the inducing of diabetes and the low mortality. According to these results we recommend to use STZ with the gradual way in the researches that require experimental diabetic animals

[Relaxing effect of achillea: detect the effect and the mechanism on isolated aortic rings]

The vasodilator effect of Achilea was investigated using isolated rabbit aortic rings. Both ethanolic and aqueous extracts have shown a profound relaxing effect on phenyl ephrine-precontracted aortic rings. There was no difference in the effect in the absence or presence of endothelium. Anyway, the ethanolic extract was obviously more potent than aqueous and therefore it was then chosen to continue the study to investigate the role of potassium channels. The K+ channels blockers, Glibenclamide and TEA, partially inhibited the relaxing effect of Achillea. On the other side, the ethanolic extract has also shown a relaxing effect on aortic rings precontracted by high concentration of K[+] ions [35mM]. These data clearly indicate that relaxing effect of Achillea is not endothelium-dependent but it is related to K+ channels